本文分析了三种具有不同韵律系统的语言的违反语音数据集：英语，韩语和泰米尔语。我们检查39个声学测量值，反映了三个语音维度，包括语音质量，发音和韵律。作为多语言分析，通过可理解水平对声学测量的平均值进行检查。此外，执行自动清晰度分类以审查语言设置的最佳功能。分析表明发音特征，例如正确的辅音百分比，正确的元音百分比以及正确的音素比例为语言无关的测量。但是，语音质量和韵律特征通常通过语言呈现不同的方面。实验结果还表明，不同的语音维度对不同的语言起着更大的作用：英语的韵律，韩语的发音，韵律和泰米尔语的发音。本文有助于言语病理学，因为它在英语，韩语和泰米尔语构想中的可理解分类中区分了与语言无关和语言依赖性测量。

本文提出了一种针对英语，韩语和泰米尔语的跨语性分类方法，该方法采用了与语言无关的功能和语言唯一功能。首先，我们从语音质量，发音和韵律等各种语音维度中提取39个特征。其次，应用功能选择来确定每种语言的最佳功能集。通过比较三种语言的特征选择结果来区分一组共享功能和一组独特的功能。最后，使用两个功能集，进行自动严重性分类。值得注意的是，所提出的方法删除了语言的不同特征，以防止其他语言的唯一特征的负面影响。因此，由于其强度归因于缺失的数据，因此采用了极端梯度提升（XGBoost）算法进行分类。为了验证我们提出的方法的有效性，进行了两个基线实验：使用单语言特征集的交点集（交叉路口）和使用单语语言特征集（UNIOM）的联合集合进行实验。根据实验结果，我们的方法以67.14％的F1得分获得更好的性能，而交叉路口实验为64.52％，联合实验为66.74％。此外，所提出的方法比所有三种语言的单语言分类都能获得更好的性能，分别达到17.67％，2.28％，7.79％的相对百分比增加了英语，韩语和泰米尔语。结果规定，必须单独考虑通常共享特征和特定于语言的特征，以进行跨语音质心严重性分类。

胃内窥镜筛查是在早期决定适当的胃癌（GC）治疗的有效方法，从而降低了与GC相关的死亡率。尽管人工智能（AI）带来了一个巨大的希望，可以帮助病理学家筛选数字化整个幻灯片图像，但现有的AI系统受到细粒癌症亚赛的限制，在计划癌症治疗方面几乎没有可用性。我们提出了一个实用的AI系统，该系统可以实现五个GC病理的亚分类，可以直接与一般的GC治疗指南相匹配。 AI系统旨在通过模仿人类病理学家理解组织学的方式，通过使用2阶段混合视觉变压器（VIT）网络通过多尺度的自我注意力转换器（VIT）网络通过多尺度的自我发项机制来有效区分多级GC。 AI系统通过在多中心队列中达到1,212张幻灯片，通过达到高于0.85的类平均灵敏度来显示可靠的诊断性能。此外，与人类病理学家相比，AI辅助病理学家显示出12％的诊断敏感性显着提高了12％。我们的结果表明，在实际临床环境中，AI辅助胃内窥镜筛查具有提供假定的病理学意见和适当的胃癌癌症治疗的巨大潜力。

卷积神经网络（CNN）不仅被广泛普及，而且在包括图像分类，恢复和生成在内的许多应用中都取得了明显的结果。尽管卷积的重量共享特性使它们在各种任务中被广泛采用，但其内容不足的特征也可以视为主要缺点。为了解决这个问题，在本文中，我们提出了一个新型操作，称为Pixel自适应核（PAKA）。 Paka通过从可学习的功能中乘以空间变化的注意力来提供对滤波器重量的方向性。所提出的方法会沿通道和空间方向分别渗入像素自适应的注意图，以使用较少的参数来解决分解模型。我们的方法可以以端到端的方式训练，并且适用于任何基于CNN的模型。此外，我们建议使用PAKA改进的信息聚合模块，称为层次PAKA模块（HPM）。与常规信息聚合模块相比，我们通过在语义细分方面提出最先进的性能来证明HPM的优势。我们通过其他消融研究来验证提出的方法，并可视化PAKA的效果，从而为卷积的权重提供了方向性。我们还通过将其应用于多模式任务，尤其是颜色引导的深度图超分辨率来显示该方法的普遍性。

According to the rapid development of drone technologies, drones are widely used in many applications including military domains. In this paper, a novel situation-aware DRL- based autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm in cyber-physical loitering munition applications. On the battlefield, the design of DRL-based autonomous control algorithm is not straightforward because real-world data gathering is generally not available. Therefore, the approach in this paper is that cyber-physical virtual environment is constructed with Unity environment. Based on the virtual cyber-physical battlefield scenarios, a DRL-based automated nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm can be designed, evaluated, and visualized. Moreover, many obstacles exist which is harmful for linear trajectory control in real-world battlefield scenarios. Thus, our proposed autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm utilizes situation-aware components those are implemented with a Raycast function in Unity virtual scenarios. Based on the gathered situation-aware information, the drone can autonomously and nonlinearly adjust its trajectory during flight. Therefore, this approach is obviously beneficial for avoiding obstacles in obstacle-deployed battlefields. Our visualization-based performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is superior from the other linear mobility control algorithms.

Supervision for metric learning has long been given in the form of equivalence between human-labeled classes. Although this type of supervision has been a basis of metric learning for decades, we argue that it hinders further advances of the field. In this regard, we propose a new regularization method, dubbed HIER, to discover the latent semantic hierarchy of training data, and to deploy the hierarchy to provide richer and more fine-grained supervision than inter-class separability induced by common metric learning losses. HIER achieved this goal with no annotation for the semantic hierarchy but by learning hierarchical proxies in hyperbolic spaces. The hierarchical proxies are learnable parameters, and each of them is trained to serve as an ancestor of a group of data or other proxies to approximate the semantic hierarchy among them. HIER deals with the proxies along with data in hyperbolic space since geometric properties of the space are well-suited to represent their hierarchical structure. The efficacy of HIER was evaluated on four standard benchmarks, where it consistently improved performance of conventional methods when integrated with them, and consequently achieved the best records, surpassing even the existing hyperbolic metric learning technique, in almost all settings.

Steering language generation towards objectives or away from undesired content has been a long-standing goal in utilizing language models (LM). Recent work has demonstrated reinforcement learning and weighted decoding as effective approaches to achieve a higher level of language control and quality with pros and cons. In this work, we propose a novel critic decoding method for controlled language generation (CriticControl) that combines the strengths of reinforcement learning and weighted decoding. Specifically, we adopt the actor-critic framework to train an LM-steering critic from non-differentiable reward models. And similar to weighted decoding, our method freezes the language model and manipulates the output token distribution using called critic, improving training efficiency and stability. Evaluation of our method on three controlled generation tasks, namely topic control, sentiment control, and detoxification, shows that our approach generates more coherent and well-controlled texts than previous methods. In addition, CriticControl demonstrates superior generalization ability in zero-shot settings. Human evaluation studies also corroborate our findings.

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are mainly based on the slot-filling-based TOD (SF-TOD) framework, in which dialogues are broken down into smaller, controllable units (i.e., slots) to fulfill a specific task. A series of approaches based on this framework achieved remarkable success on various TOD benchmarks. However, we argue that the current TOD benchmarks are limited to surrogate real-world scenarios and that the current TOD models are still a long way from unraveling the scenarios. In this position paper, we first identify current status and limitations of SF-TOD systems. After that, we explore the WebTOD framework, the alternative direction for building a scalable TOD system when a web/mobile interface is available. In WebTOD, the dialogue system learns how to understand the web/mobile interface that the human agent interacts with, powered by a large-scale language model.

Estimating the 6D pose of objects is one of the major fields in 3D computer vision. Since the promising outcomes from instance-level pose estimation, the research trends are heading towards category-level pose estimation for more practical application scenarios. However, unlike well-established instance-level pose datasets, available category-level datasets lack annotation quality and provided pose quantity. We propose the new category level 6D pose dataset HouseCat6D featuring 1) Multi-modality of Polarimetric RGB+P and Depth, 2) Highly diverse 194 objects of 10 household object categories including 2 photometrically challenging categories, 3) High-quality pose annotation with an error range of only 1.35 mm to 1.74 mm, 4) 41 large scale scenes with extensive viewpoint coverage, 5) Checkerboard-free environment throughout the entire scene. We also provide benchmark results of state-of-the-art category-level pose estimation networks.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.